Love And Other Demons By Gabriel Garcia Marquez - 2039 Words

Of Love and Other Demons† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is an eighteen-century novel in which the tale is based on the life of a twelve-year-old girl with red hair and 22 meters long named Sierva Maria de Todos Los Angeles. Sierva Maria is the product of the relationship between the Marquis de Casalduero and â€Å"the daughter of an astute Indian and a white woman from Castille† called Bernarda Cabrera. (Page 41, Marquez) This tale starts when Sierva Maria and a mulatta servant called Caridad del Cobre went to the market to buy some candles for Sierva Maria’s twelve birthdays when she gets bitten by â€Å"an ash-gray dog with a white blaze on its forehead† (page 7, Marquez) that has rabies. The girl treats herself the dog bite with lemon and sulfur and doesn’t say to anyone what happen. Dominga de Adviento a black woman who ruled the house and was the intermediary between the Marquis and his wife Bernarda raise Sierva Maria since she was born. Dominga de Adviento â€Å"baptized her on Christ, and consecrated her to Olokum, a Yoruban deity of indeterminate sex whose face is presumed to be dreadful it is seen only in dreams, and always hidden by a mask.† (Page 42, Marquez) Because Bernarda Cabrera the girl’s mother hate her from the moment she first nursed her which was the one and only time. While Sierva Maria lived with the slaves she learns their African dialect and paints her face black. After all the slaves celebrated Sierva Maria’s birthday the Marquis find out that she was bitten by aShow MoreRelated Dying for Love in Of Love and Other Demons by Gabriel Garcia Marquez 1775 Words   |  8 PagesDying for Love in Of Love and Other Demons by Gabriel Garcia Marquez Based on part of the XVIII century, when the prevalent times of the Spanish Inquisition dominated the powers of the society and the people was ruled by an orthodox way of thinking, Gabriel Garcia Marquez gives birth to Of Love and Other Demons. According to The American Heritage Dictionary, Inquisition was a former Roman Catholic tribunal established to suppress heresy. The term Heresy originally meant a belief that oneRead MoreSummary Of Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquezs Of Love And Other Demons749 Words   |  3 Pagesbehavior. Conflict happens when beliefs and principles are challenged which leads to the brutality many innocent people end up enduring. Sierva Marà ­a in â€Å"Of Love and Other Demons,† by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez faces these cruel treatments during the conflict between ideologies in the time period which the novel takes place in. â€Å"Of Love and Other Demons,† takes place in a South American country in the eighteenth century during the time of the Sp anish Inquisition. Sierva Marà ­a is the only child born to anRead More Sublime Elements in Of Love and Other Demons Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesSublime Elements in Of Love and Other Demons      Ã‚  Ã‚   The book Of Love and Other Demons (1994), written by the Columbian Gabriel Garcia Marquez, has more characteristics of sublime literature than of magical realist literature. Magical Realism and the sublime are so closely related that distinguishing between the two is hard. They are more closely related than magical realism and the fantastic.    Of Love and Other Demons has elements of magical realism. Of all the magical elements, theRead More The Short Stories of Gabriel Garcia Marquez Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Short Stories of Gabriel Garcia Marquez Short story writer. Novelist. Journalist. Political activist. Nobel Prize winner. Most beloved of 20th century Latin American authors, Gabriel Garcia Marquez was born on March 6, 1928, in the small coastal town of Aracataca, Colombia. He published his first story, The Third Resignation, in 1947 and began studying law and journalism. His first novel, Leafstorm, was published in 1955, the same year the Colombian government shut down his employer, theRead MoreThe Theory, History, and Development of Magical Realism Essay examples3188 Words   |  13 Pagesworld can take root has been reconquered - albeit in new ways† (20). During the 1940s and the 1950s, the term â€Å"magical realism† was used to describe the unusual realism by American painters such as Ivan Albright, Paul Cadmus, George Tooker and some other artists. The major figure in the conceptual genealogy of magical realism in the context of literature is Massimo Bontempelli, the Italian writer and critic. In 1926, he specifically names that art as â€Å"magical realism† which proposes toRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 Pagessuch Indian novelists and their unforgettable wonders have instilled life into the contrived fictional novels and aired their stunning aura of creativity. Indian novels have been presented seamlessly and eternally in diverse languages, themes and other particulars. The prominent novelists like R. K Narayan have authored distinguished novels in English, portraying the colloquial Indian lifestyle and traditions. Gradually, the Indian English novel has been witnessed to have evolved as a subaltern consciousness

Health Insurance For The Poor Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(88) " to put in necessary hardware and package so that smart card minutess can be processed\." For people populating below poorness line, a wellness job non merely represents a kind of lasting menace to their income earning capacity, most of the times it consequences in the household falling into a debt trap. Whenever the necessity to acquire the intervention arises for hapless households they by and large ignore it because of deficiency of resources, fearing pay loss, or may be wait till the last minute finally when it ‘s excessively late. Even when the hapless do make up one’s mind to obtain the coveted wellness attention it eats their nest eggs, forces them to sell their belongings or to slit other of import disbursement like kids ‘s instruction ) The ultimate end of wellness attention funding is to accomplish cosmopolitan wellness attention coverage for all. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Insurance For The Poor Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Social wellness insurance is a mechanism for pull offing and financing wellness attention through pooling of wellness hazards of its members on the one manus, and the fiscal parts of endeavors, families, and the authorities, on the other. SHI ( Social Health Insurance ) is â€Å" a fiscal protection mechanism for wellness attention, through wellness hazard sharing and fund pooling for a larger group of population † . 1.2 Introduction about RSBY: Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana or RSBY started from 1st April 2008 after a critical reappraisal was done of the bing and earlier wellness insurance strategies. RSBY has been launched by Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India to supply wellness insurance coverage for Below Poverty Line ( BPL ) households. The â€Å" nonsubjective † of RSBY is to supply protection to BPL families from fiscal liabilities originating out of wellness dazes that involve hospitalization. Beneficiaries under RSBY are entitled to hospitalization coverage up to Rs. 30,000/- for most of the diseases that require hospitalization. 1.3 Eligibility and Benefits Unorganized workers belonging to BPL class and their household members. Recently, other classs of people were besides added to the range of the RSBY. They include edifice and other building workers, MNREGA donees, street sellers, beedi workers and house servants. This enlargement has created an added patient volume to be taken attention of. Coverage extends to five members of the household which includes the caput of family, partner and up to three dependants. It covers preexistent conditions and there is no age bound. Entire amount insured would be Rs. 30000/- per household per annum on a household floater footing. Cashless attending to all covered complaints. Transportation system costs with an overall bound of Rs.1000/- for which no cogent evidence entry is required. Beneficiaries need to pay merely Rs. 30/- as the enrollment fee while the Central and State Government pays the premium to the insurance company selected on the footing of a competitory command by the province authorities. 1.4 Unique characteristics of RSBY 1.4.1 A concern theoretical account strategy For a societal sector scheme the strategy has been designed as a concern theoretical account strategy with inducements built for each interest holder which is contributing for enlargement and sustainability. 1.4.2 Empowering the donee RSBY provides the take parting BPL family with freedom of pick between public and private infirmaries. A infirmary has the inducement to supply intervention to big figure of donees as it is paid per donee treated. Even public infirmaries have the inducement to handle donees under RSBY as the money from the insurance company will travel straight to the concerned public infirmary can be used by them for their ain intents. 1.4.3 IT ( Information Technology ) Intensive For the first clip IT applications are being used for societal sector strategy on such a big graduated table. Every beneficiary household is issued a biometric enabled smart card incorporating their fingerprints and exposure, around 32,423,483 cards have been issued till 7/9/12. All the infirmaries empanelled under RSBY are IT enabled and connected to the waiter at the territory degree. This helps to guarantee a smooth information flow sing service use sporadically. 1.4.4 Safe and sap cogent evidence Insurance companies, in contrast, will supervise the participating infirmaries in order to forestall fraud or unneeded processs ensuing in inordinate claims. It besides attempts to better the operation of public wellness suppliers via advancing a healthy competition between public and private suppliers. By paying merely a upper limit amount up to Rs. 750/- per household per twelvemonth, the Government is able to supply entree to quality wellness attention to the below poorness line population. 1.5 Functioning of RSBY as a strategy 1.5.1 Financing of RSBY The Government of India ( GOI ) provides 75 % funding while the remainder 25 % is provided by the State authorities. The choice of a public or private insurance company is done through the procedure of competitory command undertaken by State authorities. 1.5.2 Selection of wellness insurance company and Empanelment of Health Care Providers The choice of the wellness insurance supplier shall be done by the province through tendering procedure ask foring both Public and Private Insurers for better footings of mention. Merely those insurance companies which are licensed by the Insurance Regulatory Development Authority ( IRDA ) are included in the procedure. The State Government would explicate the undertakings and find the implementing bureau such as Insurance Trust/ Insurance Cell/ Mother NGO etc. to monitor/supervise the strategy and integrate with insurance company. This would be farther monitored at State and Central degree. After the insurance company is selected, they need to impanel both public and private wellness attention suppliers in the undertaking and nearby territories. The empanelment of the infirmaries is done based on prescribed standards which shall be done every bit shortly as the insurance company gets the contract and it can go on at the same time with the registration of the donees. The insurance company shall impanel adequate infirmaries in the territory so that donees need non go really far to acquire the heath attention services. The insurance company besides needs to organize with several wellness section of the province. These infirmaries are required to put in necessary hardware and package so that smart card minutess can be processed. You read "Health Insurance For The Poor Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" They should besides put up a particular RSBY desk with a trained staff. The hospital list should let for both public and private infirmaries who agree to take part. At the clip of registration the insurance company must besides supply a list of RSBY empanelled infirmaries, to the donees. When empanelment takes topographic point, a nationally alone infirmary ID figure is generated so that minutess can be tracked at each infirmary. 1.5.3 Role of IT in RSBY/ Smart Cards The usage of biometric enabled smart card and a cardinal direction system makes this scheme safe and foolproof. The biometric enabled smart card ensures that merely the existent donee can utilize the smart card. The cardinal characteristic of RSBY is that a beneficiary enrolled in a peculiar territory will be able to utilize his/ her smart card in any RSBY empanelled hospital across India. This characteristic makes the strategy truly alone and good to the hapless households that migrate from one topographic point to the other. A donee of RSBY gets cashless benefit in any of the empanelled infirmaries. He/ she merely needs to transport his/ her smart card and supply confirmation through his/ her finger print. 1.5.4 Use of services by donees The dealing procedure begins when the member visits the active infirmary. After making the infirmary, donee will see the RSBY aid desk at infirmary where his individuality will be verified by the smart card. If a diagnosing leads to a hospitalization, the helper at the aid desk checks whether the process is in the list of pre-specified bundles. If the process is in the list, the appropriate prescribed bundle is selected from the bill of fare. If the process is non in the bundle list, the aid desk helper cheques with the insurance company sing the monetary value for that process. Upon release of the donee from the infirmary, the card is once more swiped along with finger print confirmation and the pre-specified cost of the process is deducted from the sum available on the card. The donee is besides paid by the infirmary Rs. 100 as transit disbursal at the clip of the discharge. 1.5.5 Claim colony After the service is rendered to the patient, the infirmaries need to direct an electronic study to the insurer/ Third Party Administrator ( TPA ) . The Insurer/ TPA after traveling through the records information will do the payment to the infirmary within a specified clip period which has been agreed between the Insurer and the infirmary. 1.5.6 Monitoring and rating Information associating to minutess taking topographic point each twenty-four hours at each infirmary is sent through a phone line to a territory waiter. A separate set of pre-formatted tabular arraies are generated for the insurance company and for the authorities severally. This allows the insurance company to track claims, reassign financess to the infirmaries and investigate in the instance of leery claim forms through on-site audits. 1.6 Impact of RSBY on wellness attention use 1.6.1 Penetration of RSBY Scheme Since its induction, 26 States including 1 brotherhood district have advertised about it. So far, out of these 26 provinces, the registration procedure and empanelment of infirmaries has been initiated in merely 22 provinces. Out of a entire 631 territories in India, BPL households shacking in 399 territories were selected for obtaining RSBY screen. It is of import to observe that provinces in which the registration procedure has been completed, the entire BPL households enrolled, out of the selected BPL population, are merely approximately 57 % . Though the incursion of the strategy has non been every bit high as expected. This might be due to really low degree of consciousness and instruction among the multitudes about the benefits of the strategy, or possibly to the complicated procedural or deficiency of earnestness in the execution of the strategy. But the plan is even operational in Naxal-prone territories ( such as Rayagarh, Sambalpur and Deogarh ) , which have experienced much anti-government force and snatchs. 1.6.2 Utilization of wellness attention benefits under RSBY strategy The RSBY strategy has used the public private partnership ( PPP ) theoretical account for the empanelment of infirmaries in the strategy. Hence, both public and private wellness attention suppliers have been empanelled under the strategy. So far more than 4,000 infirmaries ( out of which 75 % infirmaries are private infirmaries ) have been empanelled and more than half a million in population have obtained intervention in these infirmaries. The high degree of engagement of private infirmaries shows the success and credence of the strategy among private infirmaries. The use of health care installations under RSBY strategy is highest in the province of Kerala and lowest in instance of province of Assam. The empanelment of the figure of infirmaries for BPL households in each province is really unevenly distributed 1.6.3 Nature of disease intervention under RSBY The insured BPL households are using insurance screen most of the times ( i.e. approx two tierce of respondents ) for chronic diseases such as hernia, kidney diseases, haemorrhoids, high blood pressure, and nutritionary lacks etc. The 2nd most of import usage of RSBY screen is to acquire intervention for acute conditions like enteric fever, dandy fever febrility, diarrhoea, enteric fever, viral hepatitis, rubeolas, malaria, and TB. Among the nature of intervention received, both surgical and medical intervention has an about tantamount portion i.e. 46 % surgical and 54 % medical intervention. 1.6.4 Substitution of use of no/informal wellness installation to formal wellness installations Though with the debut of the RSBY strategy, the handiness to, and use of, the formal health care system has improved among BPL households, but at the same clip still there is long manner to travel as most of the population ( i.e. more than 70 % of BPL population of India ) has yet non been covered under the RSBY Scheme. 1.6.5 Impact of RSBY on wellness results Since the RSBY strategy was launched merely a few old ages ago, it is non possible see its impact in footings of the decrease of mortality rate, disease load, and disablement. studies conducted by the ministry so far have indicated a beneficiary satisfaction ratio runing between 77 % and 92 % . Access to the infirmaries for the hapless has gone up from 1.7 % to 2.7 % , harmonizing to the National Sample Survey Organization 1.6.6 Dissemination of information and cognition about RSBY The word of oral cavity spreading, interaction with ASHA, ANMs, AWWs, Aanganwadi Workers and Loudspeaker proclamations were the most of import beginning of information and cognition about the RSBY strategy among donees. It is seen that though donees of the strategy are cognizant of the rudimentss of the strategy, like the sum of entire coverage available, figure of household members covered, and sum required to pay for acquiring enrollment etc, there awareness related to assorted entitlements granted by the strategy like transit costs, nature of interventions covered, coverage for disbursals on Out Patient Department ( OPD ) intervention was really hapless. This low consciousness could take to struggles, moral jeopardies ( over/mis use of wellness attention installations ) and dissatisfactions among donees. 1.6.7 Impact of the RSBY strategy on economic result Micro wellness insurance, hence, involves a direct economic load ab initio placed on the insurance company who clears the hospitalization outgo on the behalf of the insured and of the Government who pays the insurance premium on the behalf of the BPL family. Other than the direct costs, selling and disposal costs besides add to the economic load. Higher claim colony rates and disposal costs result in high claim/loss rates, casts uncertainties on the long-run sustainability of wellness insurance strategies. States like Gujarat, Haryana, and Kerala show a high claim ratio. This high claim ratio is bespeaking a prevalence of over use of wellness services i.e. moral jeopardies, projecting uncertainties on the long-run sustainability of the RSBY. 1.6.8 Impact of the RSBY strategy on behaviour of BPL families While insurance companies pay for the majority of the cost in instance of a private system, authorities pools are used if proviso is public, the consumer pays merely a little portion of the entire cost i.e. out-of pocket on ingestion of the wellness service. Irrespective of how wellness attention is financed, one fact is that one time people have fallen ill they face inducements to devour more than optimum wellness attention, since they do non hold to pay the full marginal cost for the attention they utilize. The wellness economic sciences literature refers to this sort of behaviour as a moral jeopardy. The use of formal of wellness installations has increased significantly after the micro wellness insurance screen under the RSBY. This is supported reported by National Sample Survey Organization 60th the figure of hospitalization instances for Monthly Per Capita Consumer Expenditure ( MPCE ) , less than INR 253. The per centum of BPL population hospitalized across India has increased from 0.28 % ( in twelvemonth 2005 ) to 2.69 % , 2.39 % and 1.5 % of enrolled BPL population in the provinces of Kerala, Gujarat and Haryana severally. Hence, hypothesis 1 about the increased use of the Health attention installation ( No. of hospitalization ) after the RSBY execution was supported. Switching penchants ( from populace to private infirmaries ) of donees. Similar phenomenon can be seen in footings of the altering penchants of the donees from public to private infirmaries. These changed penchants and behavior show window the presence of moral jeopardies in the RSBY strategy every bit good, l ike other wellness insurance strategies. How to cite Health Insurance For The Poor Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Accounting Framework of Virgin &Qantas Airways-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Framework of Virgin Australia Airlines and Qantas Airways. Answer: Introduction JetStar is recognised as a brand under Qantas Airways and is recognised as one of the most low-cost Airline operator in Australia. JetStar as an individual is responsible to carry 8.5% passengers in Australia. It has been further seen that the main operations of the airline company is based on the extensive home and international network operating from Melbourne. The main fleet of the operator is further identified with Airbus A320 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner (Qantas.com. 2017). Virgin Australia Airlines is considered as the next largest to Qantas Airways. The airline operator is further seen to be considered in Bowen Hills in Brisbane. The company has been seen to be established in 1999 and considered to operate on a single route. Since this, the airline carrier is able to expand itself in 29 cities operating in areas mainly in Brisbane, Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney (Virginatlantic.com. 2017). The main purpose of the study has been seen in terms of depicting the appropriate accounting framework and check whether the associated standard has been able to comply with the standard requirement. The main assumptions of the study have been further able to introduce the prudence concept to make access for the possible disparity in the reporting standards. The main considerations of the report have been considered based on the report pertaining to annual general meeting, tangible and intangible asset. The latter part of the report has been further able to focus on the different types of the reasons for the investors to decide on the investment decisions in the respective companies. Conceptual framework of Accounting for both the companies The main form of the conceptual framework of the accounting standard is considered based on the AASB and Corporations Act 2001. Based on the financial statement assessment has been considered in the financial statements of both Virgin Australia Airlines and Jetstar Airways as per the historical cost considerations. There has been exception indentified particularly in the areas where assets and liabilities need to be assessed as per the areas and the fair value of the specific accounting policies (Jiang and Penman 2013). The conceptual framework has been further seen to be considered based on the revenue recognition with AASB 118 Revenue, AASB 111 Construction Contracts and Interpretation 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes. However, the new standard which is based on AASB 15 Revenue from contracts with the customers is considered to replace the existing standards along with the new date of implementation stated in the annual reporting period on or after 1st January 2018. It has been further seen that the company has been able to consider the determination of the fact with the replacement of the existing standard AASB 117 for leases and revise the framework based on AASB 16. AASB 136: Impairment of Assets has been taken into account for the impairment of assets recognition and the financial guarantees which has been further seen to be considered as per AASB 137 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. Prudence theory applied in both the companies The general application of the prudence has been able to state that none of the companies has been able to overestimate the revenue amount. Jetstar and Virgin Australia Airlines have been further seen to associate the conceptualisation of prudence in their respective financial reports. This has been particularly evident with the conservative aspect of asset recording and non underestimation of the liabilities. The financial statements of the company have been further seen to be considered as per the consideration with probable transactions. The vital aspect of the prudence theory has been seen to take place as per the probable transactions. Based on the important conceptualisation of prudence the it has been discerned that both the companies are yet to adopt AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (AASB 15) and AASB 16 Leases (AASB 16), in addition to this, the company has been further seen to be sure about the replacement of the existing standards. To test the viability of the method, both the respective companies have been able to decide on the effective implementation date of the standards considered on or after 1 January 2018. Moreover, The Company has been further seen to decide on the test of new method as per the recognition of the leases and adopt the implementation of the new standard on or after 1 January 2019. The different types of the standard of the various types of considerations has been influenced and depicted as per the regular review of the assets and the rationale for the decreasing values of the same. In general the most important concept of prudence has been applied by not writing off the values associated to the fixed assets (Jiang and Penman 2013). Criteria followed for financial data Total Assets- The aggregate assets for Qantas Airways is observed to be $ 17708 m in 2016, whereas the main consideration for the total assets of Virgin Australia Airlines has been identified to be $ 6886.9 m in 2016. In addition to this, Virgin Australia is not identified to consist of any contingent liabilities as that 30 June 2016. Based on the data evaluations of Qantas Airways Ltd, the different type of the benefits for the Airlines Company is measured as per fair value of plan assets less the present value. The important considerations for the preparation of the financial statements of Virgin Australia has been further seen to be considered based on the application of the allocation of the assets which has been considered as per fair value treatment (Leong and Kavanagh 2013). Tangible Assets and Intangible Assets- It has been seen that in general Qantas Airways has been able to determine that the various types of the intangible and the tangible assets has been considered based on the evaluation of the non-current tangible assets , which has been seen to be considered as per the revenue generated in recoverable amount of the assets. The intangible assets have been further seen to be considered based on the different types of the evaluation of the data as per impairment losses less cost. The several types of the other methods which has been seen to be applicable for the various types of the consideration for the useful and the residual life of the assets has been further seen to be considered as per the date of reporting. The main form of the asset considered as per the indefinite lives and has been further seen not to be taken onto consideration for the impairment of the assets on an annual basis (Qantas.com.au. 2017). Depreciation- The various types of the consideration for the depreciation have been seen to be based on the various types of evaluation which has been related to the straight line basis for PPE except for freehold land. In addition to this, the rate of depreciation which is owned by the assets has been further seen to be considered based on the various types of the evaluation as per the calculation of the valuation cost and residual value of the estimated useful value of the life of the assets. The acquisition date and internally constructed assets has been mainly considered for the estimation of the depreciation on the assets. The assets which have been considered for the various types of the evaluation based on the financial leases are depreciated for the appropriate sum which has been able to consider the ownership to do so (Birton et al. 2015). In a similar way the amortisation and the depreciation of the assets for Virgin Airlines have been considered as per the date on which they have been held for sale. The various types of the theories associated to the depreciation of the property has been further seen to be considered based on the various types of the consideration of what has been mainly based on the depreciation of the property plant and equipment is further seemed to be stated as per cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Similar to the considerations made for Qantas Airways, Virgin Airlines has been able to recognise the depreciation amount as per straight line basis and estimate the usefulness of the with the residual value and useful life (Zhang and Andrew 2014). Rationale for the shareholders investing in the companies Some of the main highlights based on the directors statement have been able to consider the rationale for the shareholder to invest in both the companies. As per the report published in Virgin Airlines, the revenue of the company has been based on the various types of the evaluation of the increase in form of $4,749.2 million to $5,021.0 million. The main consideration based on the comparative report has been further seen to be considered as per the increase in the net operating expenditure from $4,802.7 million to $5,278.7 million. This has been particularly considered to be negative for the company. The aforementioned aspects of the report have been seen to be helpful for the investment decisions in Virgin Airlines (Manes Rossi, Aversano and Christiaens 2014). The statement of CEO has been able to consider the various types of the implication which has been considered as per the annual report of 2016. The group is seen to be having a significant amount of contribution for the financial performance which has been seen to be evident based on the increasing operating margin and further recognised as per the EBIT for Jetstar Group, Qantas Loyalty, Qantas International and Qantas Domestic. In general, it has been seen that the more than two third of the earnings of the group has been considered based on the portfolio strategy, loyalty business and international operations. The investors need to look forward to increase the PBT from $ 975 m in 2015 to $ 1532 in 2016. Based on the financial consideration of both the companies, it can be assumed that the operating expenditure has been observed with a better choice than the latter considerations (Bauer, OBrien and Saeed 2014). Conclusion The various types of the discussions of the report have been taken into account based on the present accounting framework of both Qantas Airways and Virgin Airlines. The study has further shown whether the financial report has been able to comply with the requirement in the associated standard. The main assumptions of the conceptual framework of the study have been further seen to be considered based on the different types of the consideration as per the conceptual framework of AASB and Corporations Act 2001. For both Qantas Airways and Virgin Airlines the financial statement has been based on the standards which have been prescribed by Corporations Act 2001 and AASB. The prudence theory has been further adopted in both the companies with the non compliance of AASB 16 Leases (AASB 16). The main rationale for the investors to invest is due to the increasing nature of revenue and operating margin. References Bauer, A. M., OBrien, P. C. and Saeed, U. (2014) Reliability Makes Accounting Relevant: A Comment on the IASB Conceptual Framework Project, Accounting in Europe, 11(2), pp. 211217. doi: 10.1080/17449480.2014.967789. Birton, M. N. A., Triyuwono, I., Mulawarman, A. D. and Rahman, A. F. (2015) Theory of Shariahization on Conceptual Accounting Framework: A Substantive Theory, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, pp. 723730. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.093. Jiang, G. and Penman, S. (2013) A fundamentalist perspective on accounting and implications for accounting research, China Journal of Accounting Research, 6(4), pp. 233245. doi: 10.1016/j.cjar.2013.08.002. Leong, R. and Kavanagh, M. (2013) A work-integrated learning (WIL) framework to develop graduate skills and attributes in an Australian universitys accounting program, Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 14(1), pp. 114. Manes Rossi, F., Aversano, N. and Christiaens, J. (2014) IPSASBs Conceptual Framework: Coherence with Accounting Systems in European Public Administrations, International Journal of Public Administration, 37(8), pp. 456465. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2014.903269. Qantas.com.au. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/corporateGovernance/2016AnnualReport.pdf [Accessed 11 Aug. 2017]. Qantas.com. (2017).Our Company | Qantas. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/company/global/en [Accessed 11 Aug. 2017]. Virginaustralia.com. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.virginaustralia.com/cs/groups/internetcontent/@wc/documents/webcontent/~edisp/2016-asx-financial-report.pdf [Accessed 11 Aug. 2017]. Zhang, Y. and Andrew, J. (2014) Financialisation and the Conceptual Framework, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25(1), pp. 1726. doi: 10.1016/j.cpa.2012.11.012.